Humans underwent rapid evolution about 5 million years ago that
dramatically differentiated us from chimps by enhancing the intra-cellular structures in the brain to allow for greater intelligence/adaptability.
It was discovered that (A) or thymine (T) changed consistently to cytosine (C) or guanine (G) over relatively small sections of non-coding DNA.
This is called a weak-to-strong bias. The regions which these events occurred
are referred to as HAR's (Human accelerated regions).
As yet, no explanation has been offered for these substitutions.
Looking at HAR1, we can see that there is only 1 substitution
between an ape and a chicken but 18 between an ape and a human.
"The HAR1 region showed the greatest variance in humans. It is a 118 base pair DNA
segment with 18 bases that differ from the same region in the other species. From
an evolutionary point of view less than one (0.27) base change(s) is expected in
the HAR1 DNA sequence in the time elapsed since chimps and humans diverged from their
common ancestor. Eighteen changes in human HAR1 equates to 67 times the number of changes expected."
"HAR1 extends over 1.2 kb,
a region far larger than HAR1 itself. Such changes, which also appear to
characterize the HARs as a group, undoubtedly serve to strengthen RNA helices
against dissociation and may promote enhanced expression or stability.
Nevertheless, the weakto-strong bias in HAR1 nucleotide substitutions remains
unexplained."
"By definition, there’s enough time because the evolutionary rate is calculated
by determining the number of changes between the common ancestor of humans and
chimps and then dividing that number by 6 million years—the amount of time that
has elapsed since the divergence of humans and chimps. To put it another way,
“the deck is rigged.” So, of course, there’s enough time (from the evolutionary
perspective) for humans to have evolved from chimps. Or is there? Perhaps not always,
even when using a rigged deck.
Additionally, the equivalent of HAR1 in all those other species is very highly conserved.
The researchers report that “only two bases (out of 118) are changed between chimpanzee
and chicken.” There are some attempts in the scientific literature to explain the phenomena
of “accelerated evolution.” However, HAR1 doesn’t fit into the explanations being offered2
because it is so highly conserved.3 In addition to the astonishing number of changes in human
HAR1, the changes reflect GC-biased conversion, another unexpected phenomena in which
adenine (A) or thymine (T) change consistently to cytosine (C) or guanine (G)."
http://www.reasons.org/articles/articles/becoming-human%E2%80%94fast
Further reading :
http://ezinearticles.com/?HAR1---The-Special-Human-Gene-and-Why-it-Could-Be-the-Real-Pandoras-Box&id=4748079
http://www.csm.org.uk/news.php?viewmessage=64
http://users.soe.ucsc.edu/~sol/posters/har1poster.pdf
http://www.walshlab.org/uploads/publications/50/brain_evolution_and_uniqueness_in_the_human_genome.pdf
To me, this is one of the most interesting areas in modern day biology as
it not only underlines the sheer complexity of the human brain and it's
susceptibility to even the smallest changes in DNA but shows that our
evolution is not linear by any means.
The most intriguing question to come from this is how did it happen?
What selective forces came into play to cause this accelerated evolution
and how were so many changes made on such highly conserved regions
of DNA??
Originally posted by Thequ1ckHere is another recent piece about a genetic mutation that made east Asians different from the rest of the human population, a mutation they traced back 35,000 years!:
Humans underwent rapid evolution about 5 million years ago that
dramatically differentiated us from chimps by enhancing the intra-cellular structures in the brain to allow for greater intelligence/adaptability.
It was discovered that (A) or thymine (T) changed consistently to cytosine (C) or guanine (G) over relatively small sections of non-coding DN ...[text shortened]... evolution
and how were so many changes made on such highly conserved regions
of DNA??
http://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/15/science/studying-recent-human-evolution-at-the-genetic-level.html?_r=0
Originally posted by Thequ1ckGod created man that way a little ove 6,000 years ago. That 5 million figure was just pulled out of someone's arse. 😏
Humans underwent rapid evolution about 5 million years ago that
dramatically differentiated us from chimps by enhancing the intra-cellular structures in the brain to allow for greater intelligence/adaptability.
It was discovered that (A) or thymine (T) changed consistently to cytosine (C) or guanine (G) over relatively small sections of non-coding DN evolution
and how were so many changes made on such highly conserved regions
of DNA??
Originally posted by sonhouseThat 35,000 figure is another figure someone just pulled out of their arse, like a magic trick. 😏
Here is another recent piece about a genetic mutation that made east Asians different from the rest of the human population, a mutation they traced back 35,000 years!:
http://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/15/science/studying-recent-human-evolution-at-the-genetic-level.html?_r=0
Originally posted by RJHindsIf you read the original post, there's a good argument for intelligent design
That 35,000 figure is another figure someone just pulled out of their arse, like a magic trick. 😏
or at least improvement. Maybe the creationists got the figures wrong and it was 5 million, not 5 thousand years ago. Throwing you a bone here Hinds.
Originally posted by RJHindsYou also have a piece of intestine you don't need, the Appendix.A very badly positioned blind spot on the Retina.Less than well designed backbone for upright walking to mention but a few design flaws, what was god thinking?
I got all the bones I need. 😏
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Originally posted by OdBodThe best one is the "Recurrent laryngeal nerve" http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recurrent_laryngeal_nerve
You also have a piece of intestine you don't need, the Appendix.A very badly positioned blind spot on the Retina.Less than well designed backbone for upright walking to mention but a few design flaws, what was god thinking?
Which goes from the base of the brain, down around the heart, and up to the larynx.
It does so in all land animals... including giraffes...
Talk about stupid 'design'.
Originally posted by googlefudgeAnd then there is the prostate gland, wrapped around the urethra. Is that your god's way of saying, you'll get it sooner or later, I want you to have this end run timer, a sword of Damocles just waiting to go off. What kind of design choice is that?
The best one is the "Recurrent laryngeal nerve" http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recurrent_laryngeal_nerve
Which goes from the base of the brain, down around the heart, and up to the larynx.
It does so in all land animals... including giraffes...
Talk about stupid 'design'.
Originally posted by googlefudgeMaybe that is were Evil-lution took over. 😏
The best one is the "Recurrent laryngeal nerve" http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recurrent_laryngeal_nerve
Which goes from the base of the brain, down around the heart, and up to the larynx.
It does so in all land animals... including giraffes...
Talk about stupid 'design'.
Originally posted by sonhouseWhy so many toes AND with nails, can ruin your socks!!!!
And then there is the prostate gland, wrapped around the urethra. Is that your god's way of saying, you'll get it sooner or later, I want you to have this end run timer, a sword of Damocles just waiting to go off. What kind of design choice is that?
Originally posted by RJHindsWell this is clear evidence of 'how' humans separated from apes in a very
I got all the bones I need. 😏
short time-period. It goes some ways to explaining why we have relatively few
missing link samples.
However, it doesn't explain 'why' it occurred. That is still open to debate even from
a creationist standpoint.
Originally posted by sonhouseAn interesting concept of how a genetic change in the number of sweat glands
Here is another recent piece about a genetic mutation that made east Asians different from the rest of the human population, a mutation they traced back 35,000 years!:
http://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/15/science/studying-recent-human-evolution-at-the-genetic-level.html?_r=0
can have secondary effects on hair and breast types.
Chicken and egg scenario, did the sweat gland increase necessitate the hair/breast
changes or vice versa?
Originally posted by Thequ1ckWhy? You ask why? After making all the physical creatures that were goining to reproduce after their own kind and fill the earth and the seas, the Word or Son of God, had another idea. He said, "Let us make man in our likeness."
Well this is clear evidence of 'how' humans separated from apes in a very
short time-period. It goes some ways to explaining why we have relatively few
missing link samples.
However, it doesn't explain 'why' it occurred. That is still open to debate even from
a creationist standpoint.
That explains why. There was no links at all. So how could we find missing links?
Originally posted by Thequ1ckI believe it involved slow incremental changes similar to the development of a complex eye .
An interesting concept of how a genetic change in the number of sweat glands
can have secondary effects on hair and breast types.
Chicken and egg scenario, did the sweat gland increase necessitate the hair/breast
changes or vice versa?