@venda
Hi Venda, maybe this will help. I 'did it' a different way, but I think I can help you through Joe's explanation.
From the 2nd scenario, where Joe starts then his mate joins in, take the last bit first. They finish half the bike. From the first scenario, it takes them 4 hrs to build a bike, so this half bike takes 2 hrs. As the whole process in scenario 2 is 5 hrs, it means Joe builds half a bike in 3 hrs (5-2)
So, Joe takes 3 x 2, =6 hours to build a bike on his own. By Joe's method, that means J= 1/6 (the number of bikes Joe builds in an hour)
Nearly there. Put that into the first equation (4J + 4S =1), and we get 4/6 + 4S = 1, so 4S = 1/3, so S=1/12.
S is the number of bikes Shmo makes in an hour, so it takes him 12 hrs to make a bike on his own.
As you say, if I were Joe I would put him in the queue for the teddy bear in the fairground problem, or even worse, get him shaking the million dice to try to get no even number! (Other recent puzzles)
Hope that helps